what is musculoskeletal pain?
musculoskeletal pain affects the bones, muscles, ligaments, tendons, and nerves. it can be acute (having a rapid onset with severe symptoms) or chronic (long-lasting). musculoskeletal pain can be localized in one area, or widespread.
lower back pain is the most common type of musculoskeletal pain. other common types include tendonitis, myalgia (muscle pain), and stress fractures.
what are the different types of musculoskeletal pain?
musculoskeletal pain has varying symptoms and causes. some of the more common types of pain include:
bone pain: this is usually deep, penetrating, or dull. it most commonly results from injury. it is important to be sure that the pain is not related to a fracture or tumor.
muscle pain: this is often less intense than bone pain, but it can still be debilitating. muscle pain can be caused by an injury, an autoimmune reaction, loss of blood flow to the muscle, infection, or a tumor. the pain can also include muscle spasms and cramps.
tendon and ligament pain: pains in the tendons or ligaments are often caused by injuries, including sprains. this type of musculoskeletal pain often becomes worse when the affected area is stretched or moved.
fibromyalgia: this is a condition that may cause pain in the muscles, tendons, or ligaments. the pain is usually in multiple locations and can be difficult to describe. fibromyalgia is usually accompanied by other symptoms.
joint pain: joint injuries and diseases usually produce a stiff, aching, "arthritic" pain. the pain may range from mild to severe and worsens when moving the joint. the joints may also swell. joint inflammation (arthritis) is a common cause of pain.
"tunnel" syndromes: this refers to musculoskeletal disorders that cause pain due to nerve compression. the disorders include carpal tunnel syndrome, cubital tunnel syndrome, and tarsal tunnel syndrome. the pain tends to spread along the path supplied by the nerve and may feel like burning. these disorders are often caused by overuse.
what are the causes of musculoskeletal pain?
anyone can experience musculoskeletal pain. it is most often caused by an injury to the bones, joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or nerves. this can be caused by jerking movements, car accidents, falls, fractures, sprains, dislocations, and direct blows to the muscle.
musculoskeletal pain can also be caused by overuse. pain from overuse affects 33% of adults. lower back pain from overuse is the most common work-related diagnosis in western society.
poor posture or prolonged immobilization can also cause musculoskeletal pain.
what are the symptoms of musculoskeletal pain?
symptoms of musculoskeletal pain depend on whether the pain is caused by an injury or overuse and whether it is chronic or acute. the symptoms can also differ from person to person.
common symptoms include:
● localized or widespread pain that can worsen with movement
● aching or stiffness of the entire body
● the feeling that your muscles have been pulled or overworked
● fatigue
● sleep disturbances
● twitching muscles
● the sensation of "burning" in your muscles
how is musculoskeletal pain treated?
different types of manual therapy, or mobilization, can be used to treat people with spinal alignment problems. for some acute musculoskeletal pain, these techniques have been shown to speed recovery.
medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (nsaids) may be used to treat inflammation or pain.
in patients with musculoskeletal disorders such as fibromyalgia, medications to increase the body's level of serotonin and norepinephrine (neurotransmitters that modulate sleep, pain, and immune system function) may be prescribed in low doses. some of the medicines used to aid sleep include zolpidem (ambien), eszopiclone (lunesta), and ramelteon (rozerem).
other treatments may include:
● injections with anesthetic or anti-inflammatory medications in or around the painful sites
● exercise that includes muscle strengthening and stretching
● physical or occupational therapy
● acupuncture or acupressure
● relaxation/biofeedback techniques
● osteopathic manipulation (a whole system of evaluation and treatment designed to achieve and maintain health by restoring normal function to the body)
● chiropractic care
● therapeutic massage